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DATE: December 14, 2023
REVISED:
NAME: Recording Numeric Designation of Musical Expressions in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats
SOURCE: Music Library Association (MLA)
SUMMARY: This paper proposes revising the name and definition of Field 383 (Numeric Designation of Musical Work) in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats to allow for recording numeric designations of musical expressions, as well as defining an indicator to designate the type of entity to which the numeric designation relates.
KEYWORDS: Field 383 (BD, AD); Field 383, 1st indicator (BD, AD); Numeric Designation of Musical Work (BD, AD); Numeric designation of musical expression (BD, AD)
RELATED: 2023-DP07
STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/14/23 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.
01/24/24 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: Approved. MLA retracted Example 4.3.
05/15/24 – Results of MARC Steering Group review - Agreed with the MAC decision.
Field 383 in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format is currently defined as follows:
FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
A serial number, opus number, or thematic index number assigned to a musical work by the composer, publisher, or a musicologist. May be used to differentiate a musical work from another with the same title.
The definition of Field 383 in the MARC 21 Authority Format is exactly the same, minus the presence of subfield $3 (Materials specified).
Field 383 in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats, is currently limited to work entities by its definition. However, expressions may also have associated numeric designations, which include serial numbers, opus numbers, and thematic index numbers.
The following authority record for a musical expression of a work by Franz Schubert, arranged by Franz Liszt, includes three 383 fields:
010 ##$a n 2018000419
100 1#$a Schubert, Franz, $d 1797-1828. $t Songs. $k Selections; $o arranged $s (Liszt : 1860)
383 ##$c LW N63 $d Eckhardt $2 mlati
383 ##$c S. 375 $d Searle $2 mlati
383 ##$c R. 651 $d Raabe $2 mlati
Under the current definition for Field 383, these numeric designations would have to relate to a musical work. However, this is not the case. We know these are expression-related numeric designations because they are associated with the arranger, Liszt, rather than the composer in subfield $a of the access point. Field 383 needs to be updated to accommodate records already in the Name Authority File, such as the one above, as well as future records for which catalogers will need to record numeric designations at the expression level.
This revision was first presented as Discussion Paper No. 2023-DP07 at the June 2023 MAC meeting. The paper was met with general approval, except for the issue of whether it is appropriate to define the indicator in the Authority Format, which is discussed in further detail in section 2.3. below.
The proposed changes below include changing the name of the field, for which there is precedent in Field 381 (Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression), as well as minor revisions to the definitions and guidance sections in order to expand the scope to both works and expressions.
The proposed changes include defining a new indicator to specify the type of entity to which the numeric designation relates.
An expression may have associated numeric designations at both the work and expression level. In these cases, a new indicator is necessary to specify to which level a specific numeric designation relates. During the discussion of Discussion Paper 2023-DP07, there was reluctance to define this new indicator for the Authority format out of concern that it is not appropriate to record work-level data in an authority record for an expression of that work. While we recognize these concerns, we strongly believe that this is a decision best left to be determined by best practices, and that the option should be available, as there are many potential use cases for recording numeric designations of musical works in expression authority records. For example, an access point for a musical expression may contain a numeric designation related to the work it is based on, and the option to parse out this data into its own field should be available if desired, for the benefit of human readers as well as machine operability. Without this indicator defined in the Authority format, there would be no way to differentiate between the two different levels of numeric designations included in an authority record.
Make the following changes to field 383 (Numeric Designation of Musical Work) in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats:
Rename Field 383 to expand its scope to include expressions (changes in bold brackets):
383 - Numeric Designation of Musical Work [or Expression] (R)
Make the following revisions to the field definition and scope (changes in bold brackets):
A serial number, opus number, or thematic index number assigned to a musical work [or expression] by the composer, [arranger,] publisher, or a musicologist. May be used to differentiate a musical work [or expression] from another with the same title.
Define the first indicator, which is currently undefined, as follows:
First indicator - Type of entity
The type of entity associated with the numeric designation(s) recorded in this field.# - No information provided
0 - Work
Numeric designation associated with the work.383 #0$ano. 17 $b op. 31, no. 2
[Serial number and opus number identifying a work by Beethoven]1 - Expression
Numeric designation associated with the expression.383 1#$c S. 375 $d Searle $2 mlati
[Thematic index number assigned to Franz Liszt’s arrangement of songs composed by Schubert]
Make the following revisions under subfield codes (changes in bold brackets and strikethroughs):
$a - Serial number
A number used if works [or expressions] with the same title, or with the same title and the same representative medium of performance, are consecutively numbered by the composer [or arranger], or are consecutively numbered in reference sources.$c - Thematic index number
A number assigned to a work [or expression] in a recognized thematic indexin the case of certain composers.$e - Publisher associated with opus number
Brief identification of publisher associated with number recorded in $b. Used only where different publishers assigned different opus numbers to the same work [or expression], or when different publishers assign the same opus number to different works [or expressions].
Add the example in section 4.1. below to the guidance for $c. In all of the examples currently in the documentation, add the new first indicator value of 0.
This example is taken from a bibliographic record created by the Library of Congress. It contains three 383 fields for different thematic index numbers associated with the expression.
010 ##$a 2017569064
100 1#$a Dessauer, Josef, $d 1798-1876, $e composer.
240 10$a Songs. $k Selections; $o arranged $s (Liszt)
245 10$a Dessauer's Lieder : $b für das Pianoforte / $c übertragen von Fr. Liszt.
383 1#$c LW A130 $d Eckhardt $2 mlati
383 1#$c S. 485 $d Searle $2 mlati
383 1#$c R. 150 $d Raabe $2 mlati
In this example, also from the Library of Congress, the first two 383 fields, which are currently in the record, contain a publisher-assigned opus number for the expression, and a thematic index number of the expression, respectively. Note that the thematic index number in 240 $n relates to the work and is different than the thematic index number for the expression in the second 383 field. The ability to encode the type of entity to which the numeric designation in each 383 field relates helps clarify this difference. A third 383 field with different indicator coding could be added to record the thematic index number of the work which this expression is based on.
010 ##$a 2018571716
100 1#$a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824, $e composer.
240 10$a Trios, $m violins (2), cello, $n W. III, 7-9; $o arranged
245 10$a Trois duos concertans : $b pour deux violons : œuvre 4e / $c Viotti.
383 1#$b op. 4 $e Pleyel
383 1#$c W. IVa, 1-3 $d White $2 mlati
383 0#$c W. III, 7-9 $d White $2 mlati
This is the authority record for the expression manifested in the above bibliographic record from the Name Authority File. It currently contains no 383 fields, perhaps because of the current limited scope of the field. The same numeric designations in the bibliographic record example above and one other could also be added to the authority record, taken from the variant access points.
010 ##$a n 2019061558
100 1# Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Trios, $m violins (2), cello, $n W. III, 7-9; $o arranged
381 ## arranged
383 1#$b op. 4 $e Pleyel
383 1# $a G. 67-69 $d Giazotto1956 $2 mlati
383 1#$c W. IVa, 1-3 $d White $2 mlati
383 0#$c W. III, 7-9 $d White $2 mlati
400 1#$a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Trois duos concertans
400 1#$a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Duos concertans
400 1#$w nnea $a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Duets, $m violins, $n W. IVa, 1-3
400 1#$a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Duets, $m violins (2), $n W. IVa, 1-3
400 1#$a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Duets, $m violins (2), $n G. 67-69
400 1#$a Viotti, Giovanni Battista, $d 1755-1824. $t Duets, $m violins (2), $n op. 4
This example is also taken from an authority record in the Name Authority File. The first two 383 fields, which are currently in the record, are for numeric designations associated with the expression: a publisher-assigned opus number and a thematic index number. Additionally, three more 383 fields could be added to record the thematic index numbers for the works which this expression is based on.
010 ##$a n 2019070655
100 1#$a Boccherini, Luigi, $d 1743-1805. $t Quintets, $m violins (2), viola, cellos (2). $k Selections; $o arranged $s (Herold)
383 10$b op. 2 $e Pleyel
383 1#$c G. 154 $d Gérard $2 mlati
383 0#$c G. 377 $d Gérard $2 mlati
383 0#$c G. 369 $d Gérard $2 mlati
383 0#$c G. 365 $d Gérard $2 mlati
In BIBFRAME, "musical works" include both LRM works and expressions, so the properties musicSerialNumber, musicOpusNumber, and musicThematicNumber can already be applied to expressions. Therefore, making the proposed change in MARC will allow for greater interoperability with BIBFRAME.
In field 383 (Numeric Designation of Musical Work) of the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Authority Formats, make the following changes:
6.1. Rename the field to: Numeric Designation of Musical Work or Expression (R)
6.2. Revise the Field Defintion and Scope as described in Section 3.2.
6.3. Add a new first indicator, as follows, and as fully described in Section 3.3.
First indicator - Type of entity
# - No information provided
0 - Work
1 – Expression
6.4. Revise the definitions of subfields $a, $c, and $e as described in Section 3.4.
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