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MARC PROPOSAL NO. 2022-02

DATE: December 21, 2021
REVISED:

NAME: Defining a Field to Express Record Equivalent Relationships in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format

SOURCE: Canadian Committee on Metadata Exchange; Library and Archives Canada; OCLC

SUMMARY: This paper proposes defining new field 788 (Equivalent Description in Another Language) to record equivalent relationships for descriptions in different languages of cataloging for a single manifestation, which contains expressions in more than one language for the same or different works.

KEYWORDS: Field 788 (BD); Equivalent description in another language (BD); Language of cataloging (BD); Language of expression (BD)

RELATED: 2021-DP09

STATUS/COMMENTS:
12/21/21 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.

01/25/22 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: Approved, with the following editorial amendments to the 788 Field Definition and Scope:

Proposal is subject to additional editorial changes during the MARC documentation process.

05/17/22 – Results of MARC Steering Group review - Agreed with the MAC decision.


Proposal No. 2022-02: Defining a Field to Express Record Equivalent Relationships

1. BACKGROUND

1.1. LAC Use Case of Equivalent Relationships

The 1969 Canada Official Languages Act states that "English and French languages are the official languages of Canada for all purposes of the Parliament and Government of Canada". The legislation requires that federal government publications be published in both English and French languages, and many of these bilingual publications are issued in the same manifestation. For example, the tête-bêche (or Tumbled) format is common in federal government publications in Canada. Such publications often include two title pages, one in English, one in French, and are bound in a single unit with text in one language inverted relative to the other. Many trade publications can also contain bilingual or multilingual content.

As the national library, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) is subject to Canada's Official Languages Act. When describing bilingual or multilingual publications, LAC follows its Bilingual cataloguing policy to create English and French equivalent descriptions for the same manifestation to serve users with different language profiles. There are approximately over 361,500 equivalent English and French records in our descriptions. Among them, 80% are descriptions to tête-bêche publications.

Within the scope of the current MARC linking entries, it is challenging for LAC to accurately record, and for users to identify, the equivalent descriptions.

1.2. Scope of Equivalent Descriptions

It should be noted that the scope of LAC's equivalent descriptions is narrower than "parallel descriptions" or "parallel records", which can be any descriptions in different languages of cataloging to describe either monolingual or multilingual publications. LAC creates equivalent (parallel) English and French descriptions for bilingual or multilingual publications only. The language code in 008/35-37 reflects the preferred language and can be different in the paired equivalent descriptions. This practice is in agreement with the new RDA Toolkit, which defines preferred title in the glossary as:

"A nomen that is a title of work that is selected for preference in a specific application or context."

1.3. Public Access to Equivalent Descriptions and Copies

Because the English and French equivalent descriptions are describing the same manifestation, the holdings data is attached to one of the language descriptions only. When users search LAC collections, they need the capability to use their preferred language to find the description, holdings and availability information, and place a request through the interface.

Some library systems provide functionalities to cluster parallel records in public display when the title and language code are the same. It can be challenging to recognize paired equivalent descriptions when titles and language codes are different. A MARC solution to manually encode the equivalent relationships in bibliographic records and display an actionable link in the public interface will not only support users in navigating between the English and French descriptions in the bibliographic database, but could also support the end users' requests in the public interface.

1.4. Support Access Equality to Multilingual Communities

The technique to encode equivalent relationships would help users retrieve descriptions and place requests in one language or the other based on the preferred language of content.  In LAC's context, it would help support Canadian libraries by providing original cataloging with clear relationship links for federal government publications and other bilingual publications. This technique could also benefit multilingual communities beyond Canada. In Britain, for instance, English / Welsh publications may sometimes be issued in a tête-bêche format. Libraries in Britain could deploy the same technique to provide equal access to both English and Welsh users, and support the cultural equality in a larger community.  Libraries holding publications from multilingual organizations such as the United Nations could also deploy the field.

2. DISCUSSION

MARC Discussion Paper 2021-DP09 analyzed the options to record the equivalent relationships in existing MARC field 777 (Issued With Entry), or a new MARC field 778 or 788. A new MARC field 788 was the preferred option in the 2021 MAC Annual Meeting discussion.

We proposed to include the new field 788 being part of the 76X-78X Linking Entries block in 2021-DP09. However, when looking at the general definition of 76X-78X fields, we understood that the current definition is limited to the relationships between resources, rather than the equivalent descriptions to the same resource that we need to link. It would require an expansion of the definition and scope in the 76X-78X Linking Entries to allow the link between different language descriptions to the same resource, which was not explored further in the 2021-DP09. To concentrate on LAC's immediate needs without distractions, we propose a new field 788 in this proposal, but will leave the expansion of the 76X-78X Linking Entries to the future discussion.

Following suggestions to improve the label, it would be preferable to avoid the usage of the word "Parallel" in the label to prevent confusion of the scope. "Equivalent description in another language" is preferred to specify the scope of publications and descriptions.

During the MAC discussion, some MAC members expressed their interests in broadening the scope of equivalent relationships to include monolingual publications. LAC welcomes interested communities to explore options to record parallel relationships in future discussion papers/proposals.

3. PROPOSED FIELD 788

Taking the above into consideration, the proposed field 788 is to be defined in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format as follows:

788 - Equivalent Description in Another Language (R)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
Information concerning a manifestation that is separately cataloged in different languages of cataloging when the manifestation embodies more than one language expression of one or more works. The language of cataloging matches the language code in the Fixed-length data elements (008/35-37), with the exception of publications that are not primarily linguistic.

When a note is generated from this field, the introductory phrase Equivalent description in another language: may be generated based on the field tag for display.

First Indicator - Note controller
Whether or not a display note is to be generated from the field.

0 - Display note
Note is to be generated from the data in the field (or from the related equivalent record identified in the field).

1 - Do not display note
Note is not to be generated from the data in the field (or from the related equivalent record).

Second Indicator - Display constant controller
Controls display constants preceding the data in the field.

# - Equivalent description in another language
Used to generate the display constant Equivalent description in another language:

8 - No display constant generated
Information may be provided in subfield $i (Relationship information) when special introductory text is needed.

Subfield Codes

$a - Main entry heading (NR)
Main entry heading data (without the content designators) from field 100 (Main Entry-Personal Name), 110 (Main Entry-Corporate Name), or 111 (Main Entry-Meeting Name) in the related equivalent record. Individual components of the name or uniform title are not recorded in a separate subfield as they would be in a 1XX field.

Related equivalent record:

100 1# $a Beaupré, Marie-Eve.
245 10 $a David Spriggs : $b stratachrome / $c Marie-Eve Beaupré, commissaire.

Entry of the equivalent description in another language:

788 1# $a Beaupré, Marie-Eve. $t David Spriggs.

$b - Edition (NR)
Name of the edition from field 250 (Edition Statement) of the related equivalent record.

Related equivalent record:

110 1# $a Canada. $b Ministère de la défense nationale.
245 10 $a Doctrine aérospatiale des Forces canadiennes.
250 ## $a 2e éd.

Entry of the equivalent description in another language:

788 1# $a Canada. Ministère de la défense nationale. $t Doctrine aérospatiale des Forces canadiennes. $b 2e éd. 

$d - Place, publisher, and date of publication (NR)
Publication information from subfields $a, $b, and/or $c of field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)) or field 264 (Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice) of the related equivalent record.

$e - Language of cataloging (NR)
Language of cataloging from field 040 $b in the related equivalent record.

Related equivalent record:

040 ## $b fre

Entry of the equivalent description in another language:

788 1# $t Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017. $e fre

$i - Relationship information (R)
Designation of the equivalent relationships between the description in the 788 field and the description in the 1XX/245 of the record. This may be in the form of uncontrolled text or a controlled text value. The data in subfield $i can be displayed preceding the other data contained in the field.

788 08 $i French equivalent record : $a Desmarais, Lorraine, 1956- $t Couleurs de lune.

$n - Note (R)
Note about the related equivalent record.

$s - Uniform title (NR)
Title from field 240 (Uniform Title) or field 243 (Collective Uniform Title) of the related equivalent record. When subfield $s is used for related legal materials or translations, subfield $t is usually also included in the field.

$t - Title (NR)
Title information from subfields $a, $f, $g, $k, $n, and $p of fields 130 (Main Entry - Uniform Title) and 245 (Title Statement) of the related equivalent record. Individual components of the title are not separately subfield coded.

Related equivalent record:

245 04 $a The Henry G. Friesen International Prize lectures 12&13 = $b Le Prix international de la recherche en santé Henry G. Friesen, conférences 12 et 13.

Entry of the equivalent description in another language:

788 1# $t Henry G. Friesen International Prize lectures 12&13.

$w - Record control number (R)
System control number of the related equivalent record preceded by the MARC code, enclosed in parentheses, for the agency to which the control number applies. See Appendix I: Organization Code Sources for a listing of sources used in MARC 21 records.

788 08 $i French equivalent record : $a Gendarmerie royale du Canada. Direction générale des services d'arbitrage. $t Rapport annuel, gestion du régime disciplinaire de la GRC $x 2293-2240 $w (DLC)cf2014703332 $w (CaOONL)20147033322F $w (OCoLC)957054515

$x - International Standard Serial Number (NR)
ISSN for a serial title from field 022 (International Standard Serial Number) in the related equivalent record. (The ISSN is an agency-assigned data element. ISSN's are assigned to serial publications by national centers under the auspices of the ISSN Network.) Note: The initialism ISSN that precedes the number is not carried in the MARC record. It may be system generated as a display constant associated with the presence of subfield $x.

$4 - Relationship (R)
Code or URI that specifies the relationship from the entity described in the record to the entity referenced in the field.

$6 - Linkage (NR)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

4. EXAMPLES

Example 1


French equivalent record for a tête-bêche serials publication:

LDR     cas   i
008       130529c20129999oncar     s  f0   a0fre  
040  ## $a NLC $b fre $e rda $c NLC
041 0# $a fre $a eng
110 2# $a Gendarmerie royale du Canada. $b Direction générale des services d'arbitrage, $e auteur, $e organisme de publication.
222 #0 $a Annual report, management of the RCMP disciplinary regime
245 10 $a Rapport annuel, gestion du régime disciplinaire de la GRC.
246 15 $a Annual report, management of the RCMP disciplinary regime
546 ## $a Texte en français et en anglais disposé tête-bêche.
788 08 $i Notice équivalente anglaise: $a Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Adjudicative Services Branch. $t Annual report, management of the RCMP disciplinary regime $x 2293-2240 $w (DLC)ce2014703332 $w (OCoLC)957054514

English equivalent record for a tête-bêche serials publication:

LDR    cas   i
008      130529c20129999oncar     s  f0   a0eng 
040 ## $a NLC $b eng $e rda $c NLC
041 0# $a eng $a fre
110 2# $a Royal Canadian Mounted Police. $b Adjudicative Services Branch, $e author, $e issuing body.
222 #0 $a Annual report, management of the RCMP disciplinary regime
245 10 $a Annual report, management of the RCMP disciplinary regime.
246 15 $a Rapport annuel, gestion du régime disciplinaire de la GRC
546 ## $a Text in English and French on inverted pages.
788 08 $i French equivalent record: $a Gendarmerie royale du Canada. Direction générale des services d'arbitrage. $t Rapport annuel, gestion du régime disciplinaire de la GRC $x 2293-2240 $w (DLC)cf2014703332 $w (OCoLC)957054515

Example 2


English equivalent record for a tête-bêche monograph publication:

LDR     cam  7i
008       180223t20172017onca b f001 0 eng
040 ## $a NLC $b eng $e rda $c NLC
041 0# $a eng $a fre
245 00 $a Commonwealth & foreign honours, 1967-2017 = $b Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017.
246 3 $a Commonwealth and foreign honours, 1967-2017
246 15 $a Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017
546 ## $a Text in English and French on inverted pages.
730 02 $a Commonwealth & foreign honours, 1967-2017
730 02 $a Commonwealth & foreign honours, 1967-2017. $l French
788 08 $i French equivalent record: $t Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017. $d Ottawa (Ontario) : Directions - Distinctions honorifiques et reconnaissance, Quartier général de la Défence nationale, [2017] $w (OCoLC)1090139612

French equivalent record for a tête-bêche monograph publication:

LDR    cam  7i
008      190319t20172017onca b f001 0 fre
040 ## $a NLC $b fre $e rda $c NLC
041 0# $a fre $a eng
245 00 $a Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017 = $b Commonwealth & foreign honours, 1967-2017.
246 15 $a Commonwealth & foreign honours, 1967-2017
546 ## $a Texte en français et en anglais disposé tête-bêche.
730 02 $a Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017
730 02 $a Distinctions de pays du Commonwealth et étrangers, 1967-2017. $l Anglais
788 08 $i Notice équivalente anglaise: $t Commonwealth & foreign honours, 1967-2017. $d Ottawa ON : Directorate of Honours and Recognition, National Defence Headquarters, [2017]  $w (OCoLC)1036090092

Example 3


English equivalent record for a multilingual publication:

LDR    cam  3i
008      150512s2010 onc q f000 0 eng
040 ## $a NLC $b eng $e rda $c NLC
041 0# $a eng $a fre $a iku
245 00 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit = $b Outils de sensibilisation sur la tuberculose pour les Inuits.
246 31 $a Outils de sensibilisation sur la tuberculose pour les Inuits
546 ## $a Text in English, in French and in Inuktitut.
730 02 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit.
730 02 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit. $l French.
730 02 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit. $l Inuktitut.
788 08 $i French equivalent record: $t Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit.  $d [Ottawa] : Health Canada = Santé Canada, [2010]  $w (OCoLC)909084856

French equivalent record for a multilingual publication:

LDR    cam  3i
008      150512s2010 onc q f000 0 fre
040 ## $a NLC $b fre $e rda $c NLC
041 0# $a fre $a eng $a iku
245 00 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit = $b Outils de sensibilisation sur la tuberculose pour les Inuits.
246 31 $a Outils de sensibilisation sur la tuberculose pour les Inuits
546 ## $a Texte en anglais, en français et en Inuktitut.
730 02 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit.
730 02 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit. $l Français.
730 02 $a Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit. $l Inuktitut.
788 08 $i Notice équivalente anglaise: $t Tuberculosis awareness resources for Inuit.  $d [Ottawa] : Health Canada = Santé Canada, [2010]  $w (OCoLC)909084914

Example 4


English equivalent record for instrumental music sound recording containing bilingual program notes:

LDR    cjm   a
008      161027s2012    qucjznn  efi      n zxx 
040 ## $a NLC $b eng $c NLC
041 0# $g eng $g fre
100 1# $a Desmarais, Lorraine, $d 1956- $4 prf
245 10 $a Couleurs de lune / $c Lorraine Desmarais.
546 ## $a Program notes in English and French (14 p. : ill.) inserted.
788 08 $i French equivalent record: $a Desmarais, Lorraine, 1956- $t Couleurs de lune.  $d [Montréal] : Analekta, 2012 $w (OCoLC)796734754

French equivalent record for instrumental music sound recording containing bilingual program notes:

LDR    cjm   a
008      120427s2012 qucjznn f n zxx
040 ## $a NLC $b fre $c NLC
041 0# $g eng $g fre
100 1# $a Desmarais, Lorraine, $d 1956- $4 prf
245 10 $a Couleurs de lune / $c Lorraine Desmarais.
546 ## $a Notes de programme en français et en anglais (14 p. : ill.) inserées.
788 08 $i Notice équivalente anglaise: $a Desmarais, Lorraine, 1956- $t Couleurs de lune. $d [Montréal] : Analekta, 2012 $w (OCoLC)796734753

5. BIBFRAME DISCUSSION

The "issuedWith" property is quite generic in BIBFRAME 2.0. Unlike RDA, BIBFRAME has not provided an inverted element for "issuedWith", though the reciprocal relationship exists in the broader element "accompanies" and its inverse "accompaniedBy".

BIBFRAME provides flexibility in the property of "relatedTo" to record relationships. When the proposal is fully explored the appropriate relationship method can be determined.

6. SUMMARY OF PROPOSED CHANGES

In the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format, define field 788 (Equivalent Description in Another Language) as follows (See Section 3 for the full description):


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