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MARC DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 2021-DP12

DATE: May 27, 2021
REVISED:

NAME: Recording Representative Expressions in the MARC 21 Authority and Bibliographic Formats

SOURCE: MARC/RDA Working Group

SUMMARY: This paper discusses the potential for encoding representative expressions in the MARC 21 Formats.

KEYWORDS: Expression (AD; BD); Representative Expression (AD; BD); RDA Toolkit Restructure and Redesign Project; RDA

RELATED:

STATUS/COMMENTS:
05/27/21 – Made available to the MARC community for discussion.

06/30/21 – Results of MARC Advisory Committee discussion: Though MAC supported recording representative expression information, several options in the paper were discounted. The options for adding expression level coding to the MARC Authority format, field 075 (Type of Entity) to the Bibliographic format, and coding to field 381 (Other Distinguishing Characteristic of Work or Expression) in both formats met with relatively unfavorable responses from meeting panelists. The options to define new indicator coding, a new field 387 (Representative Expressions) or a combination of both approaches to the formats met with greater approval. A combined solution, which involves new indicator values for field 382, and field 387 for everything else, will be taken forward in a proposal following a request from MLA that an exceptional approach be taken for the element "medium of performance of musical content of representative expression".


Discussion Paper No. 2021-DP12: Recording Representative Expressions

1. BACKGROUND

The new RDA Toolkit glossary defines a representative expression as: "An expression that is considered a canonical source of data for identifying a work." Various elements belonging to the work and expression entities, as scoped by RDA, can already be recorded in the MARC 21 formats. However, information which designates representative expressions cannot, for the most part, be described in an unambiguous and granular way. This paper examines the scope for recording representative expression elements within MARC 21 and the practical benefits for doing so. RDA does not make the recording of representative expression information a required aspect of resource description; the community may choose to do so within the context of an application profile.

2. DISCUSSION

2.1. Representative expressions and the practical benefits of identifying them

The new RDA Toolkit introduces a set of elements with which to record various attributes of representative expressions. By doing so it reflects RDA's wider goal of implementing the IFLA Library Reference Model. Providing context, the new Toolkit's guidance chapter on representative expressions notes the following:

"The IFLA library reference model treats as equal all expressions that realize a work. However, certain characteristics of an expression are considered to best represent the intention of the creators of the work. A representative expression that has these characteristics may be assumed to be an original or canonical realization of the work. Manifestations that embody representative expressions may be the specific target of a search using RDA data. There may be two or more expressions that can be treated as a representative expression of a work, and an expression does not need to be extant to be a representative expression."

Enabling a catalog user to identify the representative expression of a work in an unambiguous and granular way could be beneficial in terms of refining their search strategy. It would mean that they could more easily pinpoint the expression over which an author, composer, director, etc. is considered to have exercised the most creative control. Other expressions which arose from translation, technical limitations, editorial amendments, etc. could be filtered out as a consequence. Recording information which pertains to representative expressions could also be of service to the bibliographic researcher interested in tracing the history of a work's development over time and how alternative expressions may have diverged from the creator's original intent. In circumstances where the representative expression of a work is not apparent, then a given community may default to designating the earliest available expression as representative (e.g., a manifestation of that expression which contains the original publication date). In cases where different expressions of a work are manifested simultaneously, agencies may determine criteria for picking a value from one of those expressions or use values from multiple expressions if determined to be representative (e.g., one which corresponds to the language of a catalog). A community may choose not to identify representative expressions in the context of its catalogIng activities, or only to do so selectively.

2.2. Describing representative expressions in a current MARC 21 context

The canonical version of a resource may already be described in a MARC 21 record context. This sometimes occurs as unstructured information which is transcribed from the resource itself. The following example is given for illustration:

500 $a “The composer … participated in the editing process. Thus each work can be considered a ‘definitive’ version, authorized and approved by Harrison”---P.153

Alternatively, such information may be recorded as part of a structured description. The following example is given for illustration:

381 $a Final cut $a 25th anniversary edition $a 2007 final cut $a Definitive version $a 2007 version

Although both of these approaches express the concept of a canonical version, in each case the coding conflates this information with other, separate aspects of resource description. While the designation of a canonical version may be discernible to a human reader in each case, it would be less easily subject to machine interpretation. As a result, existing coding could not be expected to support the customized indexing or faceting of search results. Nor would it support linked data applications.

Besides the challenges of conflation set out above, it is also noteworthy that, at present, MARC 21 coding does not generally allow for distinctions to be made between the different characteristics of canonical versions. The new RDA Toolkit defines twenty-two elements which can be used for this purpose.

Eight are reciprocal relationship elements:

Fourteen additional elements are not reciprocal relationships:

As regards the relationship elements listed above, "representative expression" and its reciprocal "representative expression of", could already be recorded using instances of subfield $i (Relationship information) in the MARC 21 Authority and Bibliographic Formats.

The following example illustrates an application in the Authority format:

100 1# $ a Mann, Thomas, $d 1875-1955. $t Tonio Kröger
500 1# $ w r $i representative expression: $ a Mann, Thomas, $d 1875-1955. $t Tonio Kröger $l German

The following example illustrates an application in the Bibliographic format:

245 10 $a Étude macabre.
500 ## $a For piano (left hand)
700 1# $i representative expression of : $a Godowsky, Leopold, $d 1870-1938. $t Etude macabre
        $4 http://rdaregistry.info/Elements/e/P20325 $1 http://viaf.org/viaf/186595821

The relationship "place of capture of representative expression" and its reciprocal  could equally be recorded using appropriate coding in the Authority format 5XX (See Also From Tracings) and Bibliographic format 7XX (Added Entries / Linking Entries) when combined with subfield $i. The same applies to recording relationships for "date of representative expression", "date of capture of  representative expression" and their reciprocals in the Authority format. However, in the Bibliographic format there is currently no means for establishing a relationship between a record which represents a work and one which represents a timespan using a 7XX field. Field 388 (Time Period of Creation) may be used to record a controlled value for a timespan, but subfield $i is not currently defined there.

Besides the options which it provides for recording relationships, the MARC 21 Authority format  offers a means of flagging representative expression characteristics using field 075 (Type of Entity). The following example illustrates an application in the context of the element "key of representative expression". The presence of the value "Work" in field 075 could be used to indicate that the contents of field 384 (Key) is a value of the work element "key of representative expression", not a value of the expression element "key of expression".

075 ## $a Work
100 1# $a Beethoven, Ludwig van, ‎$d 1770-1827. ‎$t Allemande, ‎$m piano, ‎$n WoO 81, ‎$r A major
384 0# $a A major $1 http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q277793

There is currently no means to flag representative expression characteristics in the same way using the Bibliographic format, since the 075 field is not defined there. However, it is also noteworthy that the Authority format currently does not provide a means of unambiguously recording the following expression characteristics which might otherwise be contextualized as representative expression information by using the 075:

Field 381 (Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression) might be used to record values for these elements listed above in the Authority format but, as previously noted, this field lacks the machine actionability which more specific coding would provide.

The following table offers an overview of coding which is already available for the purpose of recording representative expression elements as relationships in the MARC 21 Authority and Bibliographic Formats:

RDA Element

MARC Authority

MARC Bibliographic

representative expression

500 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

510 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

511 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

530 $i, $a, $0, $1

700 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

710 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

711 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

730 $i, $a, $0, $1

representative expression of

500 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

510 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

511 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

530 $i, $a, $0, $1

700 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

710 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

711 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

730 $i, $a, $0, $1

date of representative expression

548 $i, $a, $0, $1

 

date of representative expression of

500 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

510 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

511 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

530 $i, $a, $0, $1

 

date of capture of representative expression

548 $i, $a, $0, $1

 

date of capture of representative expression of

500 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

510 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

511 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

530 $i, $a, $0, $1

 

place of capture of representative expression

551 $i, $a, $0, $1

751 $a, $e, $0, $1

752 $a, $e, $0, $1

place of capture of representative expression of

500 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

510 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

511 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

530 $i, $a, $0, $1

700 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

710 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

711 $i, $a, $t, $0, $1

730 $i, $a, $0, $1

The following table offers an overview of coding which is already available for the purpose of recording other representative expression elements in the MARC 21 Authority Format; where gaps occur, coding for the equivalent expression element in the Bibliographic format is provided (if available):

RDA Element

MARC Authority

MARC Bibliographic

aspect ratio

 

345 $c

color content

 

340 $g $0, $1

content type

075 $a / 336 $a, $b,$0, $1

336 $a, b, $0, $1

duration

 

306 $a

extent of expression

 

 

intended audience of expression

075 $a / 385 $a,$b, $0, $1

385 $a, $b, $0, $1

521 $a

key of expression

075 $a / 384 $a, $0, $1

384 $a, $0, $1

language of expression

075 $a / 377 $a, $0, $1

377 $a, $0, $1

medium of performance of choreographic content

medium of performance of musical content

075 $a / 382 $a, $b, $d, $e, $n, $p, $v, $0,$1

382 $a, $b, $d, $e, $n, $p, $v, $0, $1

projection of cartographic content

 

255 $b

scale

034 $a, $0, $1

255 $a

507 $a, $b

script

546 $b

sound content

344 $i, $0, $1

The following table offers an overview of the coding which is available for the elements date of capture, date of expression and place of capture in cases where it is not used to establish reciprocal relationships between records. None of the fields listed below includes subfield $i (Relationship information). However, they can be used to record more specific values than those which are available in 5XX and 7XX fields as well as field 388.

   RDA Element

MARC Authority

MARC Bibliographic

date of capture

 

033 $a

518 $a, $d

date of expression

 

046 $k, $l, $o, $p

033 $a

046 $b, $c, $d, $j, $k, $l, $o, $p

place of capture

 

033 $b, $c, $0, $1

518 $a, $p

Analysis of the coding described above indicates that there are several ways in which representative expression characteristics might be recorded more comprehensively using MARC 21:

Each of these approaches is explored in greater depth below.

3. OPTIONS FOR RECORDING REPRESENTATIVE EXPRESSIONS

Below are options for describing representative expressions in a future MARC 21 context.

3.1. Adding Expression Information to the Authority Format

Fields 300 (Physical Description), 306 (Playing Time), 340 (Physical Medium), 344 (Sound Characteristics) and 345 (Moving Image Characteristics) could be added to the Authority format in order to record additional expression information in this context. In cases where the fields listed above carry values for manifestation as well as expression information, only the coding which supports the latter would need to be defined. Field 075 (Type of Entity) could then be used in combination with these fields in order to identify representative expressions. 034 subfield $a (Category of scale) could also be added for the same purpose. Although fields 255 and 546 are as yet undefined in the Authority format, other 2XX and 5XX coding is currently only used to record reference information in this context; alternative tags to code the elements "projection of cartographic content" and "script" could therefore be defined in the 3XX range of authority fields.

For example, field 306 could be defined in the Authority format to record the element "duration" as follows:

306 - Playing Time (NR)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
Six numeric characters, in the pattern hhmmss, that represent the playing time for a sound recording, videorecording, etc. or the stated duration of performance of printed or manuscript music. If the playing time is less than 1 hour, the hour (hh) is recorded as two zeroes; if less than a minute, the minute (mm) is also recorded as two zeroes.

INDICATORS
Both indicator positions are undefined; each contains a blank (#).

SUBFIELD CODES

$a - Playing time (R)
Repeatable to allow the recording of the playing time of two or more parts.

$6 – Linkage (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

Advantages:

Disadvantage:

3.2. Adding Field 075 to the Bibliographic Format

Field 075 is currently defined in the Authority format as follows :

Field Definition and Scope:
Type of entity that is described by the authority record as a whole.
The field can be repeated when multiple subdivision methods are used to describe an entity. The source from which the type of entity is taken is given as a MARC code in subfield $2.

If field 075 were added to the Bibliographic format, then it could be used to identify representative expressions in combination with those fields and subfields which are already defined to record expression information in this context.

Field 075 could be defined in the bibliographic format as follows:

075 - Type of Entity (R)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
Type of entity that is described by a characteristic of the bibliographic record. Field 075 contains a link to the field to which it pertains.
The field can be repeated when multiple subdivision methods are used to describe an entity. The source from which the type of entity is taken is given as a MARC code in subfield $2.

INDICATORS
Both indicator positions are undefined; each contains a blank (#).

SUBFIELD CODES

$a - Type of entity term (R)
Term which describes the type of entity that is described in the bibliographic record.

$b - Type of entity code (R)
Code which is taken from a controlled list of entity types.

$0 -Authority record control number or standard number (R)
Authority record control number or standard number of the type of entity.
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$1 - Real World Object URI (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$2 – Source (R)
MARC code that identifies the source of the term or code used to record the type of entity.
Code from: Type of Entity Source Codes.

$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

Advantages:

Disadvantage:

3.3. Expanding Field 381 in the Authority and Bibliographic Formats

Field 381 is currently defined in the Authority and Bibliographic formats as follows:

Field Definition and Scope:
Any characteristic that is not accommodated in a special field that serves to characterize a work or expression. Examples are an issuing body, arranged statement of music, version, or a geographic term. May be used to differentiate a work from another work with the same title.
Multiple characteristics from the same source vocabulary may be recorded in the same field in separate occurrences of subfield $a (Other distinguishing characteristic). Terms from different source vocabularies are recorded in separate occurrences of the field.

If field 381 were expanded, then sufficient subfield coding would  still be available in order to accommodate all the types of representative expression information listed in RDA which cannot be already expressed using subfield $i (Relationship information) in fields 5XX (Authority format) and 7XX (Bibliographic format).

The following field label, definition, and subfield changes could be defined in field 381 in order to accommodate representative expressions (additions are underlined and deletions are represented by struck through text):

381 – Representative Expression or Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression (R)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE

A characteristic of the expression that is considered a canonical source of data for identifying a work.

Also used to record any characteristic that is not accommodated in a special field that serves to characterize a work or expression. Examples are an issuing body, arranged statement of music, version, or a geographic term. May be used to differentiate a work from another work with the same title.

Multiple characteristics from the same source vocabulary may be recorded in the same field in separate occurrences of subfields $a - $z (Other distinguishing characteristic). Terms from different source vocabularies are recorded in separate occurrences of the field.

INDICATORS
Both indicator positions are undefined; each contains a blank (#).

SUBFIELD CODES

$a - Other distinguishing characteristic (R)
A term that specifies a characteristic that differentiates a work or expression from another one.

$b – Aspect ratio of representative expression (R)
A numerical ratio of the width to the height of a representative expression of a moving image work.

$c – Color content of representative expression (R)
An indication of the presence of color or tone in the content of a representative expression of a work.

$d – Content type of representative expression (R)
A categorization of a representative expression that reflects the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.

$e – Date of capture of representative expression (R)
A timespan that is associated with recording, filming, etc., the content of a representative expression.

$f – Date of representative expression (R)
A timespan that is the earliest associated with a representative expression of a work.

$g – Duration of representative expression (R)
An extent of expression of a representative expression of a work that is a playing time, performance time, running time, or other length of time.

$h – Extent of representative expression (R)
A type, number, and measurement unit that quantify an aspect of the extent of a representative expression of a work.

$i –  Intended audience of representative expression (R)
A category of user for whom a representative expression of a work is intended, or for whom a representative expression of a work is considered suitable.

$j –  Key of representative expression (R)
A set of pitch relationships that establishes the tonal center, or principal tonal center, used, or intended to be used, for performance of musical content of a representative expression of a work.

$k –  Language of representative expression (R)
A language used for the content of a representative expression of a work.

$l – Medium of performance of choreographic content of representative expression (R)
A type of performer or group of performers participating, or intended to participate, in a performance of choreographic or non-musical dramatic content of a representative expression.

$m –  Medium of performance of musical content of representative expression (R)
An instrument, voice, or ensemble used, or intended to be used, for performance of musical content of a representative expression of a work.

$n –  Place of capture of representative expression (R)
A place that is associated with recording, filming, etc., the content of a representative expression.

$o – Projection of cartographic content of representative expression (R)
A method or system used to represent the surface of the earth or of a celestial sphere on a plane in a representative expression of a work.

$p – Scale of representative expression (R)
A ratio of the dimensions of a representative expression of an image or three-dimensional form to the dimensions of the thing that is represented.

$q – Script of representative expression (R)
A set of characters or symbols used to express written language content of a representative expression of a work.

$r – Sound content of representative expression (R)
A presence or absence of sound in a representative expression of a work.

$u - Uniform Resource Identifier
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), for example a URL or URN, which provides electronic access data in a standard syntax. This data can be used for automated access to an electronic item using one of the Internet protocols.
In field 381, subfield $u is used to record the location of electronically accessible source    
information.

$v - Source of information
Source where the information recorded in field 381 was found if not through a URI.

$0 - Authority record control number or standard number
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$1 - Real World Object URI
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$2 - Source of term
MARC code that identifies the source of the term in subfield $a when it is from a controlled list.
Code from: Subject Heading and Term Source Codes.

$3 - Materials specified
Part of the described materials to which the field applies.

$6 - Linkage
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$8 - Field link and sequence number
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

Advantage:

Disadvantages :

3.4. Defining a New Field in the Authority and Bibliographic Formats

A new field could be defined in the Authority and Bibliographic formats as a means for recording representative expression information. If the field 387 were chosen, then this would occur within the same 38X block of tags which is already used to encode other work and expression related elements in the MARC 21 Authority and Bibliographic Formats:

380 – Form of Work (R) 
381 – Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression (R) 
382 – Medium of Performance (R) 
383 – Numeric Designation of Musical Work (R) 
384 – Key (R) 
385 – Audience Characteristics (R) 
386 – Creator/Contributor Characteristics (R) 
388 – Time Period of Creation (R)

The following field and subfield labels and definitions could be defined for field 387:

387 – Representative Expressions (R)

FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE
An characteristic of an expression that is considered a canonical source of data for identifying a work.

INDICATORS
Both indicator positions are undefined; each contains a blank (#).

SUBFIELD CODES

$a – Aspect ratio of representative expression (R)
A numerical ratio of the width to the height of a representative expression of a moving image work.

$b – Color content of representative expression (R)
An indication of the presence of color or tone in the content of a representative expression of a work.

$c – Content type of representative expression (R)
A categorization of a representative expression that reflects the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.

$d – Date of capture of representative expression (R)
A timespan that is associated with recording, filming, etc., the content of a representative expression.

$e – Date of representative expression (R)
A timespan that is the earliest associated with a representative expression of a work.

$f – Duration of representative expression (R)
An extent of expression of a representative expression of a work that is a playing time, performance time, running time, or other length of time.

$g – Extent of representative expression (R)
A type, number, and measurement unit that quantify an aspect of the extent of a representative expression of a work.

$h –  Intended audience of representative expression (R)
A category of user for whom a representative expression of a work is intended, or for whom a representative expression of a work is considered suitable.

$i –  Key of representative expression (R)
A set of pitch relationships that establishes the tonal center, or principal tonal center, used, or intended to be used, for performance of musical content of a representative expression of a work.

$j –  Language of representative expression (R)
A language used for the content of a representative expression of a work.

$k – Medium of performance of choreographic content of representative expression (R)
A type of performer or group of performers participating, or intended to participate, in a performance of choreographic or non-musical dramatic content of a representative expression.

$l –  Medium of performance of musical content of representative expression (R)
An instrument, voice, or ensemble used, or intended to be used, for performance of musical content of a representative expression of a work.

$m –  Place of capture of representative expression (R)      
A place that is associated with recording, filming, etc., the content of a representative expression.

$n – Projection of cartographic content of representative expression (R)
A method or system used to represent the surface of the earth or of a celestial sphere on a plane in a representative expression of a work.

$o – Scale of representative expression (R)
A ratio of the dimensions of a representative expression of an image or three-dimensional form to the dimensions of the thing that is represented.

$p – Script of representative expression (R)
A set of characters or symbols used to express written language content of a representative expression of a work.

$q – Sound content of representative expression (R)
A presence or absence of sound in a representative expression of a work.

$0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$1 – Real World Object URI (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$2 – Source of term (NR)
MARC code that identifies the source of the term or code used to record the representative expression information.

$3 – Materials specified (NR)
Part of the described materials to which the field applies.

$6 – Linkage (NR)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

$8 – Field link and sequence number (R)
See description of this subfield in Appendix A: Control Subfields.

Advantages:

Disadvantage :

3.5. Adding New Indicator Values to Existing Fields

New indicator values could be added to fields which are already used to record expression elements in the Authority and Bibliographic formats. Although indicator values have already been defined in the following fields, these values could be supplemented: 046 (Special Coded Dates), 377 (Associated Language), 382 (Medium of Performance) and 384 (Key).

For example, first indicator values could be added to field 382 as follows in order to accommodate representative expressions (additions are underlined):

First Indicator - Display constant controller

# - No information provided

0 - Medium of performance
The complete medium of performance of the musical work/expression.

1 - Partial medium of performance
Incomplete medium of performance of the musical work/expression. To be used when certain   
instruments or voices are prominent but the complete instrumentation is unknown to the cataloger.

2 - Medium of performance of musical content of representative expression
An instrument, voice, or ensemble used, or intended to be used, for performance of musical
content of a representative expression of a work.

3 - Partial medium of performance of musical content of representative expression
Incomplete medium of performance of musical content of representative expression. To be used
when certain instruments or voices are prominent but the complete instrumentation is unknown
to the cataloger.

Advantages:

Disadvantage:

4. EXAMPLES

The examples given below model the various approaches to coding representative expression information which have been explored in the previous discussion. In each case the MARC format, element, recording method and, where appropriate, the entity is noted for context.

4.1. Adding Expression Information to the Authority Format

075 ## $a Work $2 rdawork*
130 #0 $a Frankenstein (Motion picture : 1931)
306 ## $a 011100
380 ## $a Monster films $a Horror films $a Fiction films $a Feature films $2 lcgft
670 ## $Thorne, I. Frankenstein, c1977 (subj.) $b t.p. (Frankenstein) p. 31 (1931 Universal Pictures movie)

Format : Authority
Entity : Work
Element : Duration of representative expression
Recording method : Structured

*Subfield $2 models source code for RDA entity "Work".

4.2. Adding Field 075 to the Bibliographic Format

075 ##    $8 1.1\u $a Work $2 rdaw*
245 02    $a A new Mapp of the Kingdome of England, Representing the Princedome of Wales, and  
other Provinces, ... with the Roads from Town to Town ... Printed and given out at
Amsteldam by Nicolas Visscher ... and are to be sould at London by John Overton ...
255 ##    $8 1.1\u $a Scale 1: 1 200 000.
264 1#    $c [1685?]
300 ##    $c 75 x 58 cm
700 1#    $a Overton, John, $d 1640-1708?.
700 1#    $a VISSCHER, Nicolaes, $c 1618-79, called Piscator.

Format : Bibliographic
Entity : Work
Element : Scale of representative expression
Recording method : Structured

*Subfield $2 models source code for RDA entity "Work".

4.3. Expanding field 381 in the Authority and Bibliographic Formats

100 2#    $a Tomasi di Lampedusa, Giuseppe, $d 1896-1957.
245 13    $a Il gattopardo / $c Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa.
250        $a Ed. speciale.
260        $a Milano : $b Club degli editori, $c c1969.
300 ##    $a xi, 261 p. ; $c 21 cm.
381 ##    $f 1969 
500        $a Originally published: Feltrinelli, c1958.

Format : Bibliographic
Element : Date of representative expression
Recording method : Structured

4.4. Defining a New field in the Authority and Bibliographic formats

130  0#  $a Once upon a time in America (Motion picture)
245 10   $a Once upon a time in America / $c The Ladd Company ; Warner Bros. ; Embassy
International Pictures ; Empax Films ; directed by Sergio Leone ; produced by Arnon Milchan ;
screenplay by Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi, Enrico Medioli, Franco Arcalli, Franco
Ferrini, Sergio Leone.
250        $a [Long version]
260 ##    $a United States : $b The Ladd Company : $b Warner Bros., $c 1985.
300 ##    $3 viewing print. $a 24 film reels of 24 on 12 (ca. 226 min., ca. 20,340 ft.) : $b sd., col. ; $c 35 mm.
387 ##   $f 034600   
500 ##   $a The shortened edited version of this film was released in 1984. Per M/B/RS descriptions
file (New York times, 10-22-1992), the long version (also called "director's cut") has been shown
sporadically at movie houses, is available on home video and was also released theatrically in 1991.
LC also holds the shortened edited version of this film.

Format : Bibliographic
Element : Duration of representative expression
Recording method : Structured

4.5. Adding New Indicator Values to Existing Fields

100 1# $a Walckiers, Eugène, $d 1793-1866.$t Trios, $m piano, flute, cello, $n op. 97, $r D minor
382 2# $a piano $n 1 $a flute $n 1$a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
670 ## $|a Trio en re mineur pour piano, flute et violoncelle, op. 97, [ca. 1859], ©2009: $b cover (Trio op. 97 d-moll für Flöte, Violoncello und Klavier)

Format : Authority
Element : Medium of performance of musical content of representative expression
Recording method : Structured

5. BIBFRAME DISCUSSION

When specific changes are further developed, approved, and implemented the BIBFRAME conversions can be modified if necessary.

6. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

6.1. Has the paper established the utility for recording representative expression information in MARC 21?

6.2. Would adding more specific coding for expressions to the Authority format be a preferable way of recording the characteristics of representative expressions? (See 3.1.)

6.3. Would adding field 075 (Type of Entity) to the Bibliographic format be a preferable way of recording the characteristics of representative expressions? (See 3.2.)

6.4. Would expanding the use of field 381 (Other Distinguishing Characteristics of Work or Expression) be a preferable way of recording the characteristics of representative expressions? (See 3.3.)

6.5. Would defining a new field 387 (Representative Expressions) be a preferable way of recording the characteristics of representative expressions? (See 3.4.)

6.6. Would defining new indicator values in existing fields be a preferable way of recording the characteristics of representative expressions? (See 3.5.)

6.7. Would a combination of one or more of the above options listed above be a preferable way of recording the characteristics of representative expressions?

6.8. Should coding for the element "medium of performance of choreographic content" be agreed to before a decision is made on the coding for "medium of performance of choreographic content of representative expression"?

6.9. Should coding for the element "extent of expression" be agreed to before decisions are made on the coding for "extent of representative expression" and further development of "Extent" in RDA as noted by the RSC Action Plan 2021 – 2023?

6.10. Are there any relevant issues which the discussion paper has not considered?


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(10/22/2021)
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