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• Collection: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey

• Title: Log Infill Barn, 3400 Johnson Road, Bozeman, Gallatin County, MT
• Creator(s): Historic American Buildings Survey, creator
• Related Names:
     Montana State College Agricultural Experiment Station
     Reid, William B
     Johnson, James D
     Armstrong, Frances K
     Armstrong, Lora
     Oliver, Edith A
     Oliver, Robert B
     Sunderland, Jane Oliver
     Kennedy-Hubler, Kathryn , field team
     Belzer, Kasey , field team
     Hildreth, Cody , field team
     O'Neill Conrad, Maire , faculty sponsor
• Date Created/Published: Documentation compiled after 1933
• Medium: Measured Drawing(s): 4
  Data Page(s): 6
• Reproduction Number: ---
• Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. (http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html)
  
• Call Number: HABS MT-177
• Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
• Notes:
  • 2018 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Honorable Mention
  • Significance: The significance of this barn lies in the evidence it provides of migration and adaptation of construction types to suit local needs and limitations. The building appears to be identical in construction to a demonstration barn built by the Montana State College Agricultural Experiment Station in Bozeman in 1895, which is well-documented. The timber frame of the building consists of milled lumber, with log segments used as infill. According to an 1898 bulletin from the Experiment Station, the trial construction was an attempt to reduce the amount of milled lumber in the structure due to the relatively high price of milled lumber. Sawmill capacity was limited and demand was high during a period of intense growth. The construction type bears a remarkable resemblance to the Canadian building technique commonly known as Red River Frame Construction, where log segments are mortised into a heavy timber frame. Without the mortise joints, the construction of the log infill barn appears to be an experimental shortcut. As the logs have shrunk in length over the 130 year lifespan of the building, a number of them have pulled free of the toenailing and have fallen away. The basic frame of the building remains stable. In 1893 the land on which the building sits was purchased by William B. Reid, and in 1894 a James Reid became the second president of the Montana State College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts. In the search for a connection between the two Reids, a relationship between the two could not be identified, however James Reid hailed from Ontario, Canada, a region were Red River Construction was prevalent. As his brother ran the family sawmill, it is possible that James Reid was familiar with Red River frame construction, and brought this knowledge with him to the Gallatin Valley, encouraging the college’s Agricultural Experiment Station to explore less labor intensive variations of the method. Instead of mortised connections between the logs and the frame, the Experiment Station barn and William Reid's barn were built with the log segments toenailed to the posts. This may be a measure which better suited the shortages of labor experienced by Montana farmers and ranchers. It is not certain whether the Experiment Station barn was a model for William B. Reid’s barn, or vice versa. However, since they were built only about six miles apart, and it is very clear they employed identical design and construction methods, they are certainly related. At the very least this correlation helps to date William Reid's barn to circa 1895.
  • Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N2328
  • Survey number: HABS MT-177
  • Building/structure dates: ca. 1895 Initial Construction
• Subjects:
  • log buildings
  • barns
  • agriculture
• Place:
  • Montana -- Gallatin County -- Bozeman
• Latitude/Longitude: 45.611895, -111.125875
• Collections:
  • Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey
• Part of: Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress)
• Bookmark This Record:
     https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/mt0636/

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• Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html
• Reproduction Number: ---
• Call Number: HABS MT-177
• Medium: Measured Drawing(s): 4
  Data Page(s): 6

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• Call Number: HABS MT-177
• Medium: Measured Drawing(s): 4
  Data Page(s): 6

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