DATE: December 7, 2001
REVISED: May 8, 2002
NAME: Definition of Additional Codes in Field 007/10 (Type of material) for Sound Recordings in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Holdings Formats
SOURCE: Library of Congress
SUMMARY: This paper proposes expanding field 007/10 to describe additional materials used in the manufacture of sound recordings.
KEYWORDS: Field 007/10 (Sound recordings) (BD) (HD); Sound recordings (BD) (HD)
RELATED:
STATUS/COMMENTS:
5/07/01 - Made available to the MARC 21 community for discussion.
06/17/01 - Results of the MARC Advisory Committee discussion - Tabled.
The participants felt that other members of the archival sound recordings community should be consulted about any
additional codes which may be needed. Participants also felt that the description of field 007/10 should be broadened
to include tape since there is a need to code for it for preservation purposes. A revised proposal will be written with
a more comprehensive discussion.
08/07/01 - Results of LC/NLC review - Agreed with the MARBI decisions.
05/09/02 - Revision made available to the MARC 21 community for discussion.
06/17/02 - Results of the MARC Advisory Committee discussion - Approved
as amended. The word "lacquer" should be added to the description
of code r (Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide). It was also requested that
LC add a code for cellulose materials in field 007/10, if needed.
07/11/02 - Results of LC/NLC review - Agreed with the MARBI decisions.
PROPOSAL 2001-10R: Definition of Additional Codes in Field 007/10 for Sound Recordings
1. BACKGROUND
Proposal 2001-10 was first discussed in June 2001. The proposal was tabled to
allow broader consultation and consideration of tape media. As a result, the
proposal was presented to members of the Music Library Association for review
and comment.
Preservation management of sound recordings is very important. They need to record information about how to handle, house, and regulate from other environmental hazards, such as humidity. These decisions are usually obtained based on the type of material on which the sound recording is made.
Traditionally, agencies have used 007/10 (Kind of material) to indicate this kind of material; however, this field does not currently include every type of material used in sound recordings during the Twentieth Century. For example, during the World War II era, aluminum, the standard base for instantaneously recorded audio discs, was in short supply. Consequently, the recording industry turned to glass as a substitute. During the same period, instant audio recordings could be made at record shops and penny arcades. Many of these discs are acetate on paper and are prone to water and humidity damage. Audiotape has also been in use for more than fifty years in various forms. The most common type in use at present is plastic-based tape, but its predecessors include paper-based and acetate-based tapes, both of which are fragile. Libraries and archives need some way to indicate all of the materials used to make sound recordings so that they can be handled and stored properly for preservation purposes. The additional material designations needed are:
Acetate - The material onto which the sound signal carrier has been applied is an acetate tape with a ferrous oxide coating.
Aluminum and lacquer - The material onto which the sound signal carrier has been applied is an aluminum disc.
Glass and lacquer - The material onto which the sound signal carrier has been applied is a glass disc.
Paper and lacquer or ferrous oxide - The material onto which the sound signal carrier has been applied is a paper disc or tape.
1.1 Current Field 007 for Sound Recordings
Field 007 (Physical description fixed field) for sound recordings contains special
coded information about the physical characteristics of a sound recording. Position
007/10 (Kind of material) contains a one-character alphabetic code that indicates
the kind of material used in the manufacture of discs and cylinders. It currently
has the following description and values:
007/10 Kind of material
A one-character alphabetic code indicates the kind of material used in the manufacture
of discs and cylinders (both instantaneous and mass-produced). Most mass-produced
discs now available are made of vinyl. Early discs were made of wax, aluminum,
acetate, or shellac. Compact audio discs (CDs) are made of poly-carbonates coated
with a reflective surface (usually aluminum). A fill character (|) is used when
no attempt has been made to code this position.
a - Lacquered
Code a indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of material which has been
lacquered.
l - Metal
Code l indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of metal. The earliest cylinders
were made of metal (tin-foil).
m - Metal and plastic
Code m indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of metal and plastic. The
metal part of such an item is often a thin layer applied to the plastic base.
n - Not applicable
Code n indicates that the item is not a disc or a cylinder.
p - Plastic
Code p indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of plastic. Most contemporary
commercial or mass-produced 16, 33 1/3, and 45 rpm discs are made of vinyl plastic.
s - Shellac
Code s indicates that the disc or cylinder is made of shellac. Most commercial
or mass-produced 78 rpm discs are made of shellac.
w - Wax
Code w indicates that the item is made of wax. Most instantaneous cylinders
were made of wax.
u - Unknown
Code u indicates that the kind of material used in the manufacture of the disc
or cylinder is not known.
2. DISCUSSION
Because the current descriptions in field 007/10 do not fully describe the materials
used, it is proposed that 007/10 be updated and expanded to include codes for
additional materials used in the manufacture of sound recordings in the Twentieth
Century. Because all media are covered (formerly tapes were not) the value n
(Not applicable) could be made obsolete. If a media base or coating is not covered,
it would be coded z (Other) or u (unknown), whichever is applicable.
It is proposed that field 007/10 (Kind of material) for sound recordings be revised as follows. Text in brackets [] following code names indicate current names.
007/10 - Kind of material
[Revised description]
A one-character alphabetic code that indicates the kind of material used in
the manufacture of sound recordings (both instantaneous and mass-produced).
Most mass-produced analog discs made in the second half of the Twentieth Century
are vinyl. Earlier discs were made of wax, aluminum, glass, paper, or shellac.
Early tapes were made of paper or acetate. There were also recordings made on
metal wire. Compact audio discs (CDs) are made of poly-carbonates (i.e., plastic)
coated with a reflective surface (usually aluminum). A fill character (|) is
used when no attempt has been made to code this position.
a - Lacquer coated [Laquered]
[Revised description]
Code a indicates that the item is lacquer coated, but the base material on which
the lacquer is applied is not identified. To also identify the base, use codes
g (Glass with lacquer), i (Aluminum with lacquer) or r (Paper with lacquer or
ferrous oxide).
c - Acetate with ferrous oxide
[New code]
Code c indicates that the item is acetate base with a ferrous oxide coating.
This code may include acetate tape and belts, such as magnabelts.
[Formerly coded as n (Not applicable)]
g - Glass with lacquer
[New code]
Code g indicates that the item is a glass disc base with a lacquer coating.
[Formerly coded as a (Lacquered)]
i - Aluminum with lacquer
[New code]
Code i indicates that the item is an aluminum disc base with a lacquer coating.
[Formerly coded as a (Lacquered)]
l - Metal
[Revised description]
Code l indicates that the item is made entirely of metal. It includes the earliest
cylinders, which were made of tinfoil, and aluminum transcription discs with
no coating, as well as wire and metal tape.
m - Plastic with metal [Metal and plastic]
[Revised description]
Code m indicates that the item is made of plastic base with a metal coating.
The metal part of such an item is often a thin layer applied to the plastic
base. It includes compact audio discs (CDs).
n - Not applicable
[Make obsolete]
p - Plastic
[Revised description]
Code p indicates that the item is made entirely of plastic. This code also includes
mylar, polyester and vinyl materials. Since the 1950s, commercial or mass-produced
sound recordings on 16, 33 1/3, and 45 rpm discs, cassettes, and cartridges
are made of plastic.
r - Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide
[New code]
Code r indicates that the item is a paper or cardboard disc, tape, or cylinder
base with a ferrous oxide coating.
[Formerly coded as a (Lacquered)]
s - Shellac
[Revised description]
Code s indicates that the item is made entirely of shellac. Most commercial
or mass-produced 78 rpm discs are made of shellac.
u - Unknown
[Revised description]
Code u indicates that the kind of material used in the manufacture of the item
is not known.
w - Wax
[Revised description]
Code w indicates that the item is made entirely of wax. Most instantaneous cylinders
were made of wax.
z - Other
[New Code]
Code z indicates that the item cannot be described by any of the available codes.
3. EXAMPLES
007 st|omndmbncnue
300 ##$a2 sound tape reels :$banalog,
7 1/2 ips, one track, mono. ;$c10 in. (acetate) + $e1
program ( 3 p.)
[Record for a Library of Congress concert on acetate tape]
007 sd|uusenniilue
300 ##$a1375 sound discs :$banalog,
various speeds ; $c12 in. and 7 in. (acetate, shellac, vinyl)
[Record for the Aaron Copland Audio Materials on aluminum disc]
007 sd|umsznniglnb
300 ##$a82 sound discs : $banalog,
various speeds ;$c10 in., 12 in., 16 in. (acetate)
[Record for the Igor Stravinsky Audio Materials on glass disc]
007 sd|umscnnirlud
300 ##$a3 sound discs : $banalog,
mono. $c7 in. (acetate)
[Record for an item on paper disc]
007 st|umncmuurnue
300 ##$a1 sound tape reel :$banalog,
mono. ;$c7 in. (acetate on paper)
[Record for the Stanford Caldwell Hooper History of Naval Radio Audio Materials
on paper tape]
4. PROPOSED CHANGES
Make the following changes to field 007/10 (Kind of material) for sound recordings
in the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Holdings Formats:
1. Revise the description of as indicated in Section 2.
2. Revise the description and adjust code names as indicated in Section 2 for the following codes:
3. Define the following new codes:
4. Make the following code obsolete: